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A - Z : G = Grain

En français on parle de sens du tissu.
Connaître le sens du tissu en patchwork est très important, puisque la façon dont les tissus seront coupés produira des blocs cousus avec précision et faciles à assembler - ou des blocs tous de travers et qui ne seront pas plats.

Grain is one of those quilting topics very important, as the way you cut fabric in relation to its grain can produce quilt blocks that are accurate and easy to assemble - or blocks that just won't do what you want them to do, and will not lay flat.



Anatomie d'un tissu
Fabric anatomy


Un tissu est fabriqué grâce au croisement de deux ensembles de fils : la chaîne et la trame. Les fils de chaîne sont tendus sur le métier à tisser, la navette fait passer le fil de trame alternativement au-dessus et au-dessous des fils de chaîne.
Les bordures du tissu, où la navette fait demi-tour, constituent les lisières.

Fabrics are woven in two different directions, the lengthwise and crosswise grains.
A fabric is made from weaving threads together: the warp and the weft thread. Warp threads are tightened on the loom, making lengthwise grain. The shuttle makes cross the weft thread alternately above and below warp threads, making crosswise grain.
The edges of the fabric, where the shuttle turns back, make the selvage.




Sens du tissu
Grain lines


Bien qu'il n'y ait que deux directions, on parle de trois sens du tissu :
Although there’s only two directional weaves, we have three grain lines:

  • Le sens chaîne est le droit fil ou le sens du fil, parallèle aux lisières. C’est lui qui représente la longueur du tissu, et il est aussi le plus solide. Ces fils sont les moins extensibles du tissu. C'est la longueur du tissu, acheté en rouleau.
  • The lengthwise grain runs parallel to the selvage edges, the length of fabric. It’s the strongest grain in your fabric. They are also the longest threads - and called the warp threads. These do not stretch.​ This is the length of fabric purchased off the bolt.

  • Le sens trame représente la largeur du tissu, ces fils sont perpendiculaires à la lisière. Dans ce sens, le tissu est un peu extensible. C'est le bord coupé du rouleau de tissu.
  • The crosswise grain runs at a right angle to the selvage edges, from selvage to selvage, the width of fabric (WOF). They are woven back and forth, perpendicular to the warp thread - and called the weft threads. These have a slight stretch to it.​
    This is the cut edge of the fabric as it comes off the bolt.

  • Et enfin, le biais s’obtient en pliant la chaîne sur la trame (le tissu est donc plié en diagonal, à 45° par rapport aux lisières). Le biais est très élastique, et se détend facilement.
  • And, the bias grain runs on a 45-degree angle to the selvage edges. Usually refered to any cut that doesn’t run along a straight grain - it’s a bias cut. It has the most stretch, so it distorts easily.


Comment trouver le sens d'une chute de tissu
How to find the grain in a pre-cut or scrap


Les chutes et petits morceaux de tissu n'ont parfois plus de lisières pour faciliter l'identification du sens du tissu.​ Étirer le tissu va aider à trouver le sens.
Pre-cuts and scraps don't have selvage edges to help you identify the fabric grain. Pulling on the fabric straight of grain will tell you what you need to know.

photos Janet Wickell

Voilà comment tester :
Prendre un morceau de tissu par les côtés, et étirer doucement
  • si le tissu reste ferme et se déforme peu : sens chaîne
  • s'il se déforme un peu plus : sens trame
  • s'il se déforme beaucoup : du biais
  • s'il a été étiré trop fort, le tissu peut resté déformé.

Here's how to test:
Grab the fabric, one side in each hand, and pull your hands gently apart
  • firm with no stretch: lengthwise grain​
  • more stretch: crosswise grain
  • very stretchy: bias. 
  • if tugged too hard, the scrap may become permanently distorted.


La lisière en patchwork
Selvage edges in quilting


En patchwork, on utilise tout dans un tissu, même la lisière !
A quilter use everything in a fabric, even the selvage edges! 

photo Karen Griska

photo Carolina Squirrell



Où est l'endroit du tissu ?
Where is the right side of the fabric?


Il est parfois difficile de différencier l'endroit de l'envers d'un tissu. Le truc est de regarder la lisière :
It can be tricky to find the right side of the fabric. The trick is to look at the border:

photos Sacötin

Les lisières sont souvent marquées par des petits trous. A l'endroit le bord des trous est légèrement en relief, à l'envers, le bord des trous est lisse.

Selvage edges are marked by small holes. On 
the right side of the fabric the edge of holes is rough, on the wrong side of the fabric, the edge of holes is smooth.




Commentaires

Turid a dit…
Thank you for good information.
Kim a dit…
I am totally enjoying your A-Z information on all things sewing. I didn't know about the holes on the selvage being rough on the right side of the fabric. Thank you for that.
Heather Erickson a dit…
I recently came across the terms warp and woof (weft) while reading the book of Leviticus in the Bible. Now I have a better idea of what it means. Great pictures/diagrams to show us. F is for: Fast Forward into the Future
Lisa J. a dit…
This is a good explaination of the various grains of fabric. I had not heard about telling the right a and wrong side of fabric with those little dots.
What a wonderful reference! Thank you for sharing it on What I Made Monday.
John Holton a dit…
Much more to it than just sewing cloth together, isn't there?
Liz A. a dit…
Fascinating. I have heard these terms and I was somewhat aware of this, but I had never seen it broken down before.
Lisa a dit…
I found out the hard way about how important the grain is. I knew it, but when I tried to put together a blanket/quilt made from my father's clothing, well, the different materials just didn't all want to be neighbors! I made it work, but it was hard!
Rebecca Grace a dit…
As an English speaker who studied French MANY years ago, I really enjoyed reading this post in French first, then in English to see how well I'd understood it, and then rereading in French again. I learned new vocabulary! "le sens" = "grain!" "Les lisieres" = "selvages!" :-). Also, thank you for the tips about identifying the fabric grain in precuts and scraps. Great post. Merci!
Thank you Rebecca, but my English can be bad, so do not trust a perfect translation ;))

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